Portal:Visual arts

THE VISUAL ARTS PORTAL

Introduction

The Church at Auvers, an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh (1890)

The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile arts also involve aspects of visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.

Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine art as well as the applied or decorative arts and crafts, but this was not always the case. Before the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the decorative arts, craft, or applied Visual arts media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms. Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts. The increasing tendency to prefer the painting styles, and to a lesser degree sculpture, of technique or style over another has been a feature of artist throughout the ages. In many instances painting has been seen as relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the artist, and the furthest removed from manual labour – in Chinese painting the most highly valued styles were those of "scholar-painting", at least in theory practiced by gentleman amateurs. The Western hierarchy of genres reflected similar attitudes. (Full article...)

Outline of the visual arts

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Portrait of Princess Albert de Broglie

The Princesse de Broglie (French: La Princesse de Broglie [la pʁɛ̃.sɛs də bʁɔj]) is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French Neoclassical artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. It was painted between 1851 and 1853, and shows Pauline de Broglie [fr], who adopted the courtesy title 'Princesse'. Born Pauline de Galard de Brassac de Béarn, she married Albert de Broglie, the future 28th Prime Minister of France, in 1845. Pauline was 28 at the time of the painting's completion. She was highly intelligent and widely known for her beauty, but she suffered from profound shyness and the painting captures her melancholia. Pauline contracted tuberculosis in her early 30s and died in 1860 aged 35. Although Albert lived until 1901, he was heartbroken and did not remarry.

Ingres undertook a number of preparatory pencil sketches for the commission, each of which captures her personality and taste. They show her in various poses, including standing, and in differently styled dresses. The final painting is considered one of Ingres's finest later-period portraits of women, along with the Portraits of Comtesse d'Haussonville, Baronne de Rothschild and Madame Moitessier. As with many of Ingres's portraits of women, details of the costume and setting are rendered with precision while the body seems to lack a solid bone structure. The painting is held in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and is signed and dated 1853. (Full article...)

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Cuevas de las Manos

Credit: Mariano Cecowski

Hand paintings at the Cueva de las Manos on Río Pinturas in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. These were made by the indigenous inhabitants (possibly forefathers of the Tehuelches) some 9,000 years ago.

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“	Pop art is the inedible raised to the unspeakable.	”
	— Leonard Baskin, Publishers Weekly (April 5, 1965)

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Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born British figurative painter known for his raw, unsettling imagery. Focusing on the human form, his subjects included crucifixions, portraits of popes, self-portraits, and portraits of close friends, with abstracted figures sometimes isolated in geometrical structures. Rejecting various classifications of his work, Bacon said he strove to render "the brutality of fact." He built up a reputation as one of the giants of contemporary art with his unique style.

Bacon said that he saw images "in series", and his work, which numbers in the region of 590 extant paintings along with many others he destroyed, typically focused on a single subject for sustained periods, often in triptych or diptych formats. His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on single motifs; including the 1930s Picasso-influenced bio-morphs and Furies, the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s "screaming popes," the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the early 1960s crucifixions, the mid-to-late 1960s portraits of friends, the 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler, more technical 1980s paintings. (Full article...)

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Did you know...

Prometheus (1930)

... that abstract expressionist Jackson Pollock considered the greatest painting in North America to be a mural of Prometheus (pictured) at Pomona College by Mexican artist José Clemente Orozco?
... that Bathsheba at Her Bath has been called "Rembrandt's greatest painting of the nude"?
...that the Royal Fort in Bristol was built with façades in Baroque, Palladian and Rococo styles because it was a compromise between the designs of three different architects?
...that Lil' Pimp was the first feature-length film to be created entirely with Macromedia Flash animation?
...that the Mona Lisa has no eyebrows?

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General images

The following are images from various visual arts-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Juan Luna, La Bulaqueña, 1895 (from History of painting)
Image 2Diego Rivera, Recreation of Man at the Crossroads (renamed Man, Controller of the Universe), originally created in 1934, Mexican muralism movement (from History of painting)
Image 3An Ethiopian illuminated Evangelist portrait of Mark the Evangelist, from the Ethiopian Garima Gospels, 6th century AD, Kingdom of Aksum (from History of painting)
Image 4Lascaux, Bulls and Horses (from History of painting)
Image 5Moai from Easter Island, where the concentration of resources on large sculpture may have had serious political effects. (from Sculpture)
Image 6Patrick Henry Bruce, American modernism, 1924 (from History of painting)
Image 7David Smith, CUBI VI, (1963), Israel Museum, Jerusalem. (from Sculpture)
Image 8A fresco showing Hades and Persephone riding in a chariot, from the tomb of Queen Eurydice I of Macedon at Vergina, Greece, 4th century BC (from History of painting)
Image 9Francis Picabia, (Left) Le saint des saints c'est de moi qu'il s'agit dans ce portrait, 1 July 1915; (center) Portrait d'une jeune fille americaine dans l'état de nudité, 5 July 1915: (right) J'ai vu et c'est de toi qu'il s'agit, De Zayas! De Zayas! Je suis venu sur les rivages du Pont-Euxin, New York, 1915 (from History of painting)
Image 10Pictographs from the Great Gallery, Canyonlands National Park, Horseshoe Canyon, Utah, c. 1500 BCE (from History of painting)
Image 11Mother Goddess A miniature painting of the Pahari style, dating to the eighteenth century. Pahari and Rajput miniatures share many common features. (from History of painting)
Image 12French ivory Virgin and Child, end of 13th century, 25 cm high, curving to fit the shape of the ivory tusk (from Sculpture)
Image 13The Pergamene style of the Hellenistic period, from the Pergamon Altar, early 2nd century (from Sculpture)
Image 14Young Mother Sewing, Mary Cassatt (from History of painting)
Image 15Sumerian male worshipper, alabaster with shell eyes, 2750−2600 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 16Venus of Laussel c. 27,000 BP, an Upper Palaeolithic carving, Bordeaux museum, France (from Sculpture)
Image 17Discussion class on art appreciation at Shimer College (from Visual arts education)
Image 18Giorgio de Chirico 1914, pre-Surrealism (from History of painting)
Image 19Netsuke of tigress with two cubs, mid-19th-century Japan, ivory with shell inlay (from Sculpture)
Image 20Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Umbrellas 1991, Japan (from Sculpture)
Image 21St. James panel, from reredos in Cristo Rey Church, Santa Fe, New Mexico, c. 1760 (from Sculpture)
Image 22Wayang beber, 17th century (from History of painting)
Image 23Thutmose, Bust of Nefertiti, 1345 BCE, Egyptian Museum of Berlin (from Sculpture)
Image 24Baptism of Christ on a medieval Nubian painting from Old Dongola (from History of painting)
Image 25Edgar Degas, Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, cast in 1922 from a mixed-media sculpture modeled c. 1879–80, Bronze, partly tinted, with cotton (from Sculpture)
Image 26Antonio Canova: Psyche Revived by Love's Kiss, 1787 (from Sculpture)
Image 27Hindu Gupta terracotta relief, 5th century CE, of Krishna Killing the Horse Demon Keshi (from Sculpture)
Image 28Assyrian lamassu gate guardian from Khorsabad, circa 800–721 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 29Loquats and Mountain Bird, anonymous artist of the Southern Song dynasty; paintings in leaf album style such as this were popular in the Southern Song (1127–1279). (from History of painting)
Image 30The Trundholm sun chariot, perhaps 1800–1500 BCE; this side is gilded, the other is "dark". (from Sculpture)
Image 31Seated Bodhisattva Guanyin, wood and pigment, 11th century, Northern Song dynasty. (from Sculpture)
Image 32Rembrandt van Rijn, The Jewish Bride, ca. 1665–1669 (from History of painting)
Image 33Eland, rock painting, Drakensberg, South Africa (from History of painting)
Image 34The Sakyamuni Buddha, by Zhang Shengwen, 1173–1176 AD, Song dynasty period. (from History of painting)
Image 35Venus of Willendorf, c. 24,000–26,000 BP (from Sculpture)
Image 36A fresco from Cave 1 of Ajanta. (from History of painting)
Image 37Swimming Reindeer c. 13,000 BP, female and male swimming reindeer – late Magdalenian period, found at Montastruc, Tarn et Garonne, France (from Sculpture)
Image 38Spring Morning in the Han Palace, by Ming-era artist Qiu Ying (1494–1552 AD) (from History of painting)
Image 39Ludwig Gies, cast iron plaquette, 8 x 9.8 cm, Refugees, 1915 (from Sculpture)
Image 40Michelangelo, Pietà, 1499 (from Sculpture)
Image 41Creeping Hyena, c. 12–17,000 BP, mammoth ivory, found in La Madeleine, France (from Sculpture)
Image 42Art model posing in a French painting school following the atelier method (from Visual arts education)
Image 43Michelangelo, The Tomb of Pope Julius II, c. 1545, with statues of Rachel and Leah on the left and right of his Moses (from Sculpture)
Image 44Hand stencils in the "Tree of Life" cave painting in Gua Tewet, Kalimantan, Indonesia (from History of painting)
Image 45Hellenistic Greek terracotta funerary wall painting, 3rd century BC (from History of painting)
Image 46Pierre Bonnard, 1913, European modernist Narrative painting (from History of painting)
Image 47Lascaux, Aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius) (from History of painting)
Image 48Gwion Gwion rock paintings found in the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia c. 15,000 BC (from History of painting)
Image 49Silk painting depicting a man riding a dragon, painting on silk, dated to 5th–3rd century BC, Warring States period, from Zidanku Tomb no. 1 in Changsha, Hunan Province (from History of painting)
Image 50Brice Marden, 1966/1986, Monochrome painting (from History of painting)
Image 51The Drawing Class, by Michiel Sweerts, c. 1656 (from Visual arts education)
Image 52Gaston Lachaise, Floating Figure 1927, bronze, no. 5 from an edition of 7, National Gallery of Australia (from Sculpture)
Image 53Löwenmensch, from Hohlenstein-Stadel, now in Ulmer Museum, Ulm, Germany, the oldest known anthropomorphic animal-human statuette, Aurignacian era, c. 35–40,000 BP (from Sculpture)
Image 54Michelangelo's Moses, (c. 1513–1515), San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, for the tomb of Pope Julius II (from Sculpture)
Image 55Cueva de las Manos (Spanish for Cave of the Hands) in the Santa Cruz province in Argentina, c. 7300 BC (from History of painting)
Image 56A Chinese painted jar from the Western Han Era (202 BCE – 9 CE) (from History of painting)
Image 57Max Beckmann, The Night (Die Nacht), 1918–1919, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf (from History of painting)
Image 58One of the first representations of the Buddha, 1st–2nd century CE, Gandhara (from Sculpture)
Image 59Grant Wood, 1930, social realism (from History of painting)
Image 60The Milkmaid by Johannes Vermeer, c. 1657 (from History of painting)
Image 61Book of Hours (from History of painting)
Image 621881 painting by Marie Bashkirtseff, In the Studio, depicts an art school life drawing session, Dnipropetrovsk State Art Museum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (from Visual arts education)
Image 63Open air Buddhist rock reliefs at the Longmen Grottoes, China (from Sculpture)
Image 64The Angel of the North by Antony Gormley, 1998 (from Sculpture)
Image 65Adriaen de Vries, Mercury and Psyche Northern Mannerist life-size bronze, made in 1593 for Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. (from Sculpture)
Image 66Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, rock painting, Stone Age, India (from History of painting)
Image 67Juan Luna, The Parisian Life, 1892 (from History of painting)
Image 68Joan Miró, Horse, Pipe and Red Flower, 1920, abstract Surrealism, Philadelphia Museum of Art (from History of painting)
Image 69Two Chiwara c. late 19th early 20th centuries, Art Institute of Chicago. Female (left) and male Vertical styles (from Sculpture)
Image 70Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson, in 2005 (from Sculpture)
Image 71Urfa Man, in the Şanlıurfa Museum; sandstone, 1.80 meters, c. 9,000 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 72Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Art (from History of painting)
Image 73Two Scribes Seated with Books and a Writing Table Fragment of a decorative margin Northern India (Mughal school), ca. 1640–1650 (from History of painting)
Image 74The Brunswick Lion, 1166, the first large hollow casting of a figure since antiquity, 1.78 metres tall and 2.79 metres long (from Sculpture)
Image 75Modern reconstruction of the original painted appearance of a Late Archaic Greek marble figure from the Temple of Aphaea, based on analysis of pigment traces, c. 500 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 76Section of Trajan's Column, CE 113, with scenes from the Dacian Wars (from Sculpture)
Image 77Petroglyphs, from Sweden, Nordic Bronze Age (painted) (from History of painting)
Image 78Dale Chihuly, 2006, (Blown glass) (from Sculpture)
Image 79The Dying Gaul, or The Capitoline Gaul a Roman marble copy of a Hellenistic work of the late 3rd century BCE Capitoline Museums, Rome (from Sculpture)
Image 809th-century Khmer lintel (from Sculpture)
Image 81High Classical high relief from the Elgin Marbles, which originally decorated the Parthenon, c. 447–433 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 82A Jōmon dogū figure, 1st millennium BCE, Japan (from Sculpture)
Image 83Device to Root Out Evil (1997) sculpture by Dennis Oppenheim at
Palma de Mallorca, Plaça de la Porta de Santa Catalina (from Sculpture)
Image 84Piet Mondrian, "Composition No. 10" 1939–1942, De Stijl (from History of painting)
Image 85Charioteer of Delphi, ancient Greek bronze sculpture, 5th century BCE, close up head detail (from Sculpture)
Image 86Morgan Russell, Cosmic Synchromy (1913–14), Synchromism (from History of painting)
Image 87Medal of John VIII Palaeologus, c. 1435, by Pisanello, the first portrait medal, a medium essentially made for collecting. (from Sculpture)
Image 88Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, rock painting, Stone Age, India (from History of painting)
Image 89Augustan state Greco-Roman style on the Ara Pacis, 13 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 90Paul Klee, 1922, Bauhaus (from History of painting)
Image 91Muromachi period, Shingei (1431–1485), Viewing a Waterfall, Nezu Museum, Tokyo. (from History of painting)
Image 92Qianlong Emperor Practicing Calligraphy, mid-18th century. (from History of painting)
Image 93Pettakere Cave are more than 44,000 years old, Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia (from History of painting)
Image 94Nara Daibutsu, c. 752, Nara, Japan (from Sculpture)
Image 95Adult art education class at the Brooklyn Museum in 1935. (from Visual arts education)
Image 96Mask from Gabon (from Sculpture)
Image 97Spanish cave painting of Bulls (from History of painting)
Image 98Lubang Jeriji Saléh cave, in Kalimantan, Indonesia, contains one of the oldest known figurative paintings, a 40,000 year-old depiction of a bull. (from History of painting)
Image 99Visible damage due to acid rain on a sculpture (from Sculpture)
Image 100Small Greek terracotta figurines were very popular as ornaments in the home (from Sculpture)
Image 101Detail of Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, Spanish, wood and polychrome, 1793. (from Sculpture)
Image 102Henri Matisse 1909, late Fauvism (from History of painting)
Image 103Bharat Mata by Abanindranath Tagore (1871–1951), a nephew of the poet Rabindranath Tagore, and a pioneer of the movement (from History of painting)
Image 104Ivory with traces of paint, 11th–12th century, Egypt (from Sculpture)
Image 105Henry Moore, Large Reclining Figure, 1984 (based on a smaller model of 1938), Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge (from Sculpture)
Image 106Lascaux, Horse (from History of painting)
Image 107The Gero Cross, c. 965–970, Cologne, Germany. The first great example of the revival of large sculpture (from Sculpture)
Image 108Silver monster on a chape, Scottish or Anglo-Saxon, St Ninian's Isle Treasure, c. 800? (from Sculpture)
Image 109The Eternal Father Painting the Virgin of Guadalupe. Attributed to Joaquín Villegas (1713 – active in 1753) (Mexican) (painter, Museo Nacional de Arte. (from History of painting)
Image 110Nuremberg sculptor Adam Kraft, self-portrait from St Lorenz Church, 1490s. (from Sculpture)
Image 111Edvard Munch, 1893, early example of Expressionism (from History of painting)
Image 112A carved wooden Bodhisattva from China's Song dynasty 960–1279, Shanghai Museum (from Sculpture)
Image 113Cylinder seal with its impression on clay; serpopards and eagles, Uruk Period, 4100–3000 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 114Max Ernst, 1920, early Surrealism (from History of painting)
Image 115Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne in the Galleria Borghese, 1622–1625 (from Sculpture)
Image 116Edward Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942, an American Scene painting (from History of painting)